ukukhiya ipuleti eliqondile le-maxillofacial mini

Ukuhlinzwa kwamathambo noma i-orthopedics, igatsha elilodwa lokuhlinzwa. I-Orthopedics inakekela ngesistimu ye-musculoskeletal. Zombili izindlela zokuhlinza nezingahlinzeki zisetshenziswa odokotela bamathambo ukwelapha ukuhlukumezeka kwemisipha, izifo zomgogodla, ukulimala kwezemidlalo, izifo eziwohlokayo, izifo, izimila, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuzalwa.

Izinqubo ezingu-25 ezivame kakhulu ezenziwa odokotela bamathambo ngokulandelana yilezi: i-knee arthroscopy kanye ne-meniscectomy, i-shoulder arthroscopy kanye ne-decompression, ukukhululwa komhubhe we-carpal, i-arthroscopy yamadolo kanye ne-chondroplasty, ukususwa kokufakelwa okusekelayo, i-knee arthroscopy kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-anterior cruciate ligament, ukuguqulwa kwamadolo, ukulungiswa kwe-femoral neck fracture, ukulungiswa kwe-femoral neck trochante, / ukuphuka, ukulungiswa kwe-arthroskopia yamadolo kokubili i-menisci, ukushintshwa kwe-hip, i-arthroscopy yehlombe / i-distal clavicle excision, ukulungiswa kwe-rotator cuff tendon, ukulungisa ukuphuka kwe-radius (ithambo) / ulna, i-laminectomy, ukulungiswa kwe-ankle fracture (uhlobo lwe-bimalleolar), i-shoulder arthroscopy kanye nokukhishwa kwe-debridement, ukuhlinzwa kwe-lumbar spinal interfusion, i-discus back fracture incise i-tendon sheath, ukulungiswa kwe-ankle fracture (fibula), ukulungiswa kwe-femoral shaft fracture, ukulungiswa kwe-trochanteric fracture.

ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu kwezingane kanye nakubantu abadala okuvamile kuvela ekulimaleni kwezemidlalo, ukuwa, ukuhlaselwa, ukuphahlazeka kwezimoto, ukuhlasela okungaqondile, ukushaywa ngezibhakela noma izinto. Ukuhlasela kwezilwane, ukudubula, ukuqhuma nokunye ukulimala ngesikhathi sempi nakho kungabangela ukuphuka kwamathambo obuso. Ukuhlukumezeka kwezimoto kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokulimala ebusweni ezimpilweni zasemadolobheni. Ukuhlukumezeka ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho ubuso bushaya ingxenye engaphakathi yemoto, njengesondo lokuqondisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-airbag angabangela imihuzuko ye-cornea kanye nemivimbo ebusweni lapho esakazwa.

Ukulimala kwethambo lobuso kungahlukaniswa cishe kuhlanganisa ithambo lamakhala, i-maxilla, ne-mandible. I-mandible ingase iphuke ku-symphysis, umzimba, i-engeli, i-ramus, ne-condyle. I-cheekbone nethambo langaphambili ezinye izindawo zokuphuka. Ukuphuka kungase kwenzeke emathanjeni olwanga nakulawo ahlangana ndawonye ukuze enze umjikelezo weso.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-René Le Fort yenza imephu yezindawo ezijwayelekile zokuphuka kobuso; lezi manje sezaziwa ngokuthi yi-Le Fort I, II, kanye ne-III ukuphuka (kwesokudla). I-Le Fort I fractures, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Guérin noma i-maxillary fractures evundlile, ihlanganisa i-maxilla, iyihlukanise nolwanga. I-Le Fort II fractures, ebizwa nangokuthi i-pyramidal fractures ye-maxilla, iwela amathambo ekhala kanye ne-orbital rim. Ukuphuka kwe-Le Fort III, okubuye kubizwe ngokuthi i-craniofacial disjunction kanye nokuphuka kobuso okuphambene, kweqa ingaphambili le-maxilla futhi kuhilela ithambo le-lacrimal, i-lamina papyracea, kanye nephansi le-orbital, futhi ngokuvamile kuhilela ithambo le-ethmoid, yikona okubi kakhulu. I-Le Fort fractures, eyenza i-10-20% yokuphuka kobuso, ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokunye ukulimala okunzima.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwamukelwa ukulungisa ukuphuka kwethambo le-maxillofacial, kuhloswe ukulungisa ukwakheka kwamathambo emvelo obuso nokushiya umkhondo osobala wokulimala ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukulimala kwamathambo kungase kwelashwe ngamapuleti e-titanium ahlanzekile nezikulufu ze-titanium alloy. Izinto ezisebenzisekayo zingenye indlela etholakalayo.

ukuhlukumezeka kwe-maxillofacial akuvamile ukuletha usongo empilweni, kodwa kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokulimala okuyingozi, ukuvaleka kwendlela yomoya kanye nezinye izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Umzila womoya ungavaleka ngenxa yokopha, ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungezile, noma ukulimala kwezakhiwo. Ukusha ebusweni kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwezicubu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuvaleka komzila womoya. Inhlanganisela yokuphuka kwekhala, i-maxillary, ne-mandibular ingaba nomthelela endleleni yomoya. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha indlela yokuphefumula njalo, ngoba izinkinga ze-airway zingenzeka ngemuva kokulimala kokuqala.

amathambo kudingeka abuyiselwe ezindaweni zawo ezifanele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba imizwa nemisipha kungase kubanjwe amathambo aphukile. Ukuphuka kwe-Orbital floor noma ukuphuka kwethambo le-orbital eliphakathi kweso kungabamba i-rectus ephakathi noma imisipha ye-rectus engaphansi.

Emanxebeni obuso, imigudu yezinyembezi kanye nezinzwa zobuso zingalimala. Ukuphuka kwethambo langaphambili kungaphazamisa ukugeleza kwe-sinus yangaphambili futhi kungabangela i-sinusitis. Ukutheleleka kungenye inkinga engenzeka.